Zobaa, Ahmed & Abdel Aleem, Shady
Cite as:
Zobaa, Ahmed & Abdel Aleem, Shady. (2023). Modernization of Electric Power Systems. 10.1007/978-3-031-18996-8.
Abstract
The dynamic nature of power networks today is shaped by different parameters, such as the increasing power usage, the integration of clean energy sources, technological enhancements and the demand for increased grid reliability, contemporary societies are reliant on power networks that offer important infrastructure for the generation, distribution and transmission of power .
Integration of clean energy sources into the grid is a pivotal aspect of this evolution. The shift towards renewable energy, driven by the urgent need to combat climate change and reduce reliance on fossil fuels, introduces new challenges in terms of grid stability and energy storage. Solar, wind, and hydroelectric power sources, which are inherently variable and sometimes unpredictable, require advanced management systems to ensure that supply meets demand consistently.
Technological enhancements play a crucial role in addressing these challenges. Innovations in smart grid technology, energy storage solutions, and digitalization enable more efficient management of power networks. Smart grids, with their advanced metering infrastructure, allow for real-time monitoring and control of the network, enhancing reliability and efficiency. Similarly, developments in battery technology and other forms of energy storage are critical for balancing supply and demand, particularly with the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources.
Furthermore, the demand for increased grid reliability underscores the importance of robust infrastructure. Power networks are vital for the functioning of modern economies, and any disruption can have far-reaching implications. Hence, there is a continuous push towards not only expanding the capacity of these networks to handle growing loads but also enhancing their resilience against physical and cyber threats.
ALI, M, Mohamed F. El-Gohary M. A. Mohamad., M. A. Abd-Allah
Abstract
This paper proposes to set up 100 KWp grid connected photovoltaic (PV) power plant. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of this PV power plant is controlled by using a proposed combination between the incremental conductance and integral regulator (CR) control and the fuzzy logic control (FLC). This combination is applied to the PV power plant through dc-dc boost converter. The proposed combination collects both advantages of CR and FLC control methods. Whereas the CR control method is simple and widely used for controlling MPPT of PV panels, the FLC provides accurate fast response, high performance and maximum efficiency. Therefore, the combination of these controllers together could improve the MPPT and the PV performance, especially with existing fluctuated solar irradiation and electrical noise. For comparative evaluation, the response of the PV plant with the application of the combined CR and FLC is compared to the responses of the application of each of them separately. The PV plant is simulated using MATLAB and Simulink.
Sandi W, Lisa N
Abstract
Flow and heat transfer in porous media has in recent years gained considerable attention especially in high-temperature reactors. It is proposed in this study that light water reactors (LWRs) can be made safer by redesigning the fuel in the fuel assembly. The proposed design is aimed at increasing the safety level in LWRs by the use of fuel in the form of loose coated particles in a helium environment inside the nuclear fuel cladding tubes of the fuel elements. The coated particle fuel being a heat source forms a bed in the cladding tube closed at both ends, the heat from the particles is transferred to the gas in the tube, and the gas movement is due to natural convection. In this study, we investigate the flow and heat transfer characteristics inside a cladding tube containing packed beds of spherical particles by simulating a porous region whose medium properties are defined; that is, the geometrical model representing the packed bed is specified as a porous region. The finite volume method was used in solving the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation while the heat transfer coefficient h and the dimensionless numbers such as Ra f(Gr, Pr) and Nu are used in analyzing the results. Simulated results from this investigation were validated with experimental results. The discrepancy in the results may be due to uncertainties, experimental errors, numerical errors, and the consequence of the lump parameter effect in the porous region modeling approach. This approach may be considered a unique means of estimating heat transfer characteristics in porous media.
Maria C, Sargy k, Dani J
Abstract
Manufacturing and the processes involved consume substantial amounts of energy and other resources and, as a result, have a measurable impact on the environment . Reducing the energy consumption of machine tools can significantly improve the environmental performance of manufacturing processes and systems. Furthermore, given that machining processes are used in manufacturing the tooling for many consumer products, improving the energy efficiency of machining-based manufacturing systems could yield significant reduction in the environmental impact of consumer products . In this research the power consumed by Mori Seiki NV1500 DCG milling machine was investigated, where the power consumed by the machine was measured experimentally. However the spindle alone about 70% of the total idling power. the total consumed power by this machine, this power profile can be used to develop a control system to manage the energy consumption by reducing the idling time.
Rababa, M and Buhian, A
Abstract
This research summarizes the collection of papers entitled Photovoltaic System Design and Performance, which was published in several journal papers on this topic were submitted in 2017 to 2020, Main topics included data analysis for optimal performance and fault analysis, causes for energy loss, and design and integration issues. The papers in this Issue demonstrate the importance of designing and properly monitoring photovoltaic systems in the field in order to ensure maintaining good performance.
ALI, M, Mohamed F. El-Gohary M. A. Mohamad., M. A. Abd-Allah
Abstract
This paper proposes to set up 100 KWp grid connected photovoltaic (PV) power plant. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of this PV power plant is controlled by using a proposed combination between the incremental conductance and integral regulator (CR) control and the fuzzy logic control (FLC). This combination is applied to the PV power plant through dc-dc boost converter. The proposed combination collects both advantages of CR and FLC control methods. Whereas the CR control method is simple and widely used for controlling MPPT of PV panels, the FLC provides accurate fast response, high performance and maximum efficiency. Therefore, the combination of these controllers together could improve the MPPT and the PV performance, especially with existing fluctuated solar irradiation and electrical noise. For comparative evaluation, the response of the PV plant with the application of the combined CR and FLC is compared to the responses of the application of each of them separately. The PV plant is simulated using MATLAB and Simulink.
Sandi W, Lisa N
Abstract
Flow and heat transfer in porous media has in recent years gained considerable attention especially in high-temperature reactors. It is proposed in this study that light water reactors (LWRs) can be made safer by redesigning the fuel in the fuel assembly. The proposed design is aimed at increasing the safety level in LWRs by the use of fuel in the form of loose coated particles in a helium environment inside the nuclear fuel cladding tubes of the fuel elements. The coated particle fuel being a heat source forms a bed in the cladding tube closed at both ends, the heat from the particles is transferred to the gas in the tube, and the gas movement is due to natural convection. In this study, we investigate the flow and heat transfer characteristics inside a cladding tube containing packed beds of spherical particles by simulating a porous region whose medium properties are defined; that is, the geometrical model representing the packed bed is specified as a porous region. The finite volume method was used in solving the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation while the heat transfer coefficient h and the dimensionless numbers such as Ra f(Gr, Pr) and Nu are used in analyzing the results. Simulated results from this investigation were validated with experimental results. The discrepancy in the results may be due to uncertainties, experimental errors, numerical errors, and the consequence of the lump parameter effect in the porous region modeling approach. This approach may be considered a unique means of estimating heat transfer characteristics in porous media.
Maria C, Sargy k, Dani J
Abstract
Manufacturing and the processes involved consume substantial amounts of energy and other resources and, as a result, have a measurable impact on the environment . Reducing the energy consumption of machine tools can significantly improve the environmental performance of manufacturing processes and systems. Furthermore, given that machining processes are used in manufacturing the tooling for many consumer products, improving the energy efficiency of machining-based manufacturing systems could yield significant reduction in the environmental impact of consumer products . In this research the power consumed by Mori Seiki NV1500 DCG milling machine was investigated, where the power consumed by the machine was measured experimentally. However the spindle alone about 70% of the total idling power. the total consumed power by this machine, this power profile can be used to develop a control system to manage the energy consumption by reducing the idling time.
A Squeeze Film Model of Ink Flow under a Printing Nip
Aminah Sedeeqi , Rajo Yanb
Abstract
This research includes a modelling for film flow, where a model was created according to literature review with depth about 2.55 µm and width about 20 µm the squeeze film analysed at the first 1 µm before entering the cell. The model was created using solid works then the model was analysed using CFD in ANSYS software using different range of flow rate to assess flow characteristics for the printing. CFD simulation was created for Newtonian fluid in ANSYS software. The results shows the increasing in the velocity will lead to decrease in the ink thickness layer, in this research the testing velocity was taken in range of (8-14) m/min.
The Feasibility of Using Recycled Concrete -Crumb Rubber composition.
Jian Samon, Lais Roben
Abstract
Recently, the engineering systems had become more complex due to the significant increase of the requirements should be satisfied. An engineering system is designed mainly with a purpose of achieving the highest performance and output while considering minimizing its consumed costs and times. Hence, studying the feasibility of an engineering system is vital to indicate its feasibility and possible operation scenarios before taking the construction decision. This would help in avoiding unnecessary economic losses.
The proposed research to investigate the economic feasibility of recycled concrete-crumb rubber composition. The cost of raw rubber about $2.7/kg, and the cost of recycling 1 kg of rubber about $0.046/kg. the strength properties such as the Young modulus and compressive strength were estimated for different compositions.
Xuang Z , Zango,L , Rasky,S
Abstract
Electric steel is a special type of steel used in different applications such as manufacturing the core of electric transformers, this type of material has customized magnetic properties, where its crystal structure contains iron with small additives like silica. In this project the electric steel will be investigated in order to improve its physical and magnetic properties. The main factors will be considered in this improvement are the composition, microstructure and crystallographic orientation of electric steel during the manufacturing process. In this paper, an improvement for the physical and magnetic properties of the electric steel was provided by studying the effect of annealing parameters and thermo-mechanical processing on the properties of electric steel and then finding a relation between the magnetic properties and crystal structure materials. The results of experimental investigation shows the average orientation angle for the microstructure about 15 degr
Akram Ranido
Abstract
In this study, the feasibility of using ORC system for waste heat recovery was investigated using mixed research methods. A case study of AL-Zour station in Kuwait was selected to perform this investigation. The obtained results of analyzing the collected data from the case study showed that; the orc can be effectively used to reduce the waste energy by generating electrical power, where different types of orc turbines are analyzed in this research.
Justin, R, Smith, C, Li, L
Abstract
An investigation to the principles of Zero, infinite and negative spring stiffness was carried out in this paper through applying experimental works to measure these stiffness’s under static and dynamic loads conditions. By measuring these values, their effect on the rich and rich and chaotic responses were analysed. As a result, two types of testing ( dynamic testing and load tester ) was used to estimate the negative zero stiffness , where the results successfully achieved the zero negative stiffness.
Lakshmi R , Sandos W
Abstract
Segregation phenomenon is a key process in industry. Segregation of granular material is done by stirring, opposite of what is expected from stirring. There are a lot of factors that play a significant role in granular segregation. This paper aims to study the granular segregation phenomenon by running a set of experiments using an electromagnetic shaker machine. The effect of changing the large sphere (intruder) diameter on the rise speed was tested and investigated. Also, the effect of increasing the shaking frequency of the machine on the rising speed was investigated. It was found that the rise speed is proportional to the diameter of the intruders. Also, the rise speed increases as the frequency increases. The behavior that investigated in this experiment was compared against different diameters and frequencies.
Badaganvi , Y Sarkar, A
Abstract
Colour gamut can be specified as an assured fully subdivision of colours that is created through special substrate, printing and inks apparatus series. The colours subdivision can be exactly denoted in a known domain of colour using a specific product apparatus. Image digitizing is defined as the transforming of a digitized picture to a new colour domain or results it to a known ambience through a specific result apparatus normally modifies its spectrum.
In this project an experimental work was adapted to study the reflectance of the colours, SPM, HPM and Flexocure force magenta UV ink were tested, also the highest brightness for black printing was presented for the Flexocure force magenta UV ink, Also the highest colour concentration was presented for the Flexocure force magenta UV in
Sandi W, Lisa N
Abstract
Flow and heat transfer in porous media has in recent years gained considerable attention especially in high-temperature reactors. It is proposed in this study that light water reactors (LWRs) can be made safer by redesigning the fuel in the fuel assembly. The proposed design is aimed at increasing the safety level in LWRs by the use of fuel in the form of loose coated particles in a helium environment inside the nuclear fuel cladding tubes of the fuel elements. The coated particle fuel being a heat source forms a bed in the cladding tube closed at both ends, the heat from the particles is transferred to the gas in the tube, and the gas movement is due to natural convection. In this study, we investigate the flow and heat transfer characteristics inside a cladding tube containing packed beds of spherical particles by simulating a porous region whose medium properties are defined; that is, the geometrical model representing the packed bed is specified as a porous region. The finite volume method was used in solving the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation while the heat transfer coefficient h and the dimensionless numbers such as Ra f(Gr, Pr) and Nu are used in analyzing the results. Simulated results from this investigation were validated with experimental results. The discrepancy in the results may be due to uncertainties, experimental errors, numerical errors, and the consequence of the lump parameter effect in the porous region modeling approach. This approach may be considered a unique means of estimating heat transfer characteristics in porous media.
Maria C, Sargy k, Dani J
Abstract
Manufacturing and the processes involved consume substantial amounts of energy and other resources and, as a result, have a measurable impact on the environment . Reducing the energy consumption of machine tools can significantly improve the environmental performance of manufacturing processes and systems. Furthermore, given that machining processes are used in manufacturing the tooling for many consumer products, improving the energy efficiency of machining-based manufacturing systems could yield significant reduction in the environmental impact of consumer products . In this research the power consumed by Mori Seiki NV1500 DCG milling machine was investigated, where the power consumed by the machine was measured experimentally. However the spindle alone about 70% of the total idling power. the total consumed power by this machine, this power profile can be used to develop a control system to manage the energy consumption by reducing the idling time.
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